Is citrinin in red yeast rice dangerous?

Citrinin is a mycotoxin produced by certain fungi and commonly found in red yeast rice supplements.

Red yeast rice is widely used because of the natural statins it contains, especially monacolin K, which can be effective in lowering cholesterol. However, the presence of citrinin in red yeast rice may pose health risks.

Citrinin is known for its nephrotoxic (kidney-damaging) effects. It can lead to kidney damage and kidney failure when exposed to high levels. Although there is limited evidence, there are concerns about the possible carcinogenic effects of citrinin based on animal studies. Citrinin can affect the immune system and reduce defenses against disease.

The concentration of citrinin in dietary supplements is regulated in many countries to minimize exposure to this harmful substance. In Japan, a lawsuit is underway against the Kobayashi company because 80 deaths are linked to the use of cholesterol-lowering drugs based on red yeast rice that are said to contain toxic acids.

Source: https://www.efsa.europa.eu/en/efsajournal/pub/4318

Source: https://www.mayoclinic.org/drugs-supplements-red-yeast-rice/art-20363074

Author: Prof. Dr. Dirk Devroey - Latest update: 2024-07-15 - Copyright: Clinifacts 2025