What is Lyme disease and why is it dangerous?

Lyme disease is an infectious disease caused by the bacterium Borrelia burgdorferi, which is transmitted by the bite of infected ticks. It can cause various symptoms and serious health problems if not treated on time.

An erythema migrans is a characteristic rash that is often the first indication of a Lyme infection. It usually starts as a small red spot at the site of the tick bite and gradually spreads to a larger rash with a characteristic "bull's-eye" appearance. Subsequently, fever, chills, headache, fatigue, muscle and joint pain, and swollen lymph nodes may occur.

If the disease is not treated, the bacteria can spread throughout the body and cause more serious symptoms such as joint pain and inflammation and neurological problems such as severe headaches, neck stiffness, meningitis, facial nerve paralysis, numbness, tingling in the hands and feet, and memory problems may occur.

Treatment usually involves oral antibiotics administered at the onset of symptoms, not immediately after the bite. Some people experience long-term symptoms such as fatigue, joint and muscle pain, and cognitive problems, even after treatment. This is sometimes referred to as post-Lyme disease syndrome or chronic Lyme. This must be distinguished from the neurological consequences of Lyme for which there is scientific support. There is still no sound scientific substantiation for chronic Lyme.

Source: https://www.cdc.gov/lyme/index.html

Source: https://www.rivm.nl/ziekte-van-lyme

Author: Prof. Dr. Dirk Devroey - Latest update: 2023-12-11 - Copyright: Clinifacts 2024