What is perimenopause?

Perimenopause refers to the transition period that women go through before menopause. It usually begins several years before menopause and marks the gradual decrease in the production of female hormones, especially estrogen, by the ovaries.

Perimenopause can last several years and is often accompanied by various symptoms. Menstrual cycles can become unpredictable, with variations in the duration, frequency and intensity of bleeding. Sudden heat waves can lead to redness of the skin, sweating and a feeling of heat in the upper body. Changes in sleep patterns, such as difficulty falling asleep or staying asleep, are often experienced. Mood swings, irritability, anxiety and depression can occur due to hormonal changes. Reduction of estrogen can lead to thinning and drying of the vaginal tissues, which can result in discomfort during sexual activity.

Perimenopause usually starts sometime in your 40s, but it can start earlier or later. It ends when a woman has not had a period for 12 consecutive months and has actually reached menopause. The diagnosis is made retrospectively after a year without menstruation.

Although perimenopause is a natural process, its symptoms can significantly impact quality of life. Doctors may recommend various treatments, such as hormone replacement therapy (HRT) or other medications to control specific symptoms. It is important to talk to a healthcare provider about treatment options and weigh the pros and cons.

Source: https://bjgp.org/content/74/suppl_1/bjgp24X737949.long

Author: Prof. Dr. Dirk Devroey - Latest update: 2024-07-15 - Copyright: Clinifacts 2025