How long do those COVID-19 antibodies last?

The length of time that COVID-19 antibodies last in the body varies and depends on several factors, including the severity of the infection, the person’s age and health, and whether they’ve been vaccinated. Here’s a look at the current findings on the longevity of COVID-19 antibodies.

After SARS-CoV-2 infection, most people develop antibodies within a few weeks. These antibodies are primarily directed against the spike protein and nucleocapsid protein of the virus. Studies have shown that antibody levels typically peak within the first three months of infection and then begin to decline. However, detectable levels remain in many people after six months.

Some studies suggest that antibodies, particularly neutralizing antibodies, may still be detectable up to 12 months after infection, although at lower levels. In addition to circulating antibodies, many people develop memory B cells that can rapidly produce new antibodies upon re-exposure to the virus, suggesting that a long-lasting form of protection may exist.

Vaccination against COVID-19 induces a strong antibody response, often with higher antibody titers than those seen after natural infection. This is especially true after the second dose of an mRNA vaccine such as Pfizer-BioNTech or Moderna. Studies show that antibody levels remain high for at least six months after vaccination. The rate of decline varies, but protection against severe disease is usually maintained.

Source: https://www.nature.com/articles/s41577-021-00550-x

Author: Prof. Dr. Dirk Devroey - Latest update: 2024-07-13 - Copyright: Clinifacts 2025