What is autism?

Autism, or Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD), is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by impairments in social interaction, communication, and restricted, repetitive patterns of behavior and interests.

Autism is considered a spectrum disorder because symptoms and severity can vary greatly from person to person. Autism is characterized by difficulty initiating and maintaining relationships and limited or abnormal nonverbal communication (e.g., little eye contact, difficulty interpreting facial expressions). People with autism also have difficulty understanding social cues and showing empathy.

There is often a delay in the development of spoken language or no speech at all, difficulty initiating and maintaining conversations, and an unusual way of speaking, such as a monotone voice or echolalia (repeating words or sentences). There is also repetitive behavior and restricted interests and over- or under-sensitivity to sensory stimuli such as sound, light, touch, taste, or smell.

Early and intensive interventions can contribute significantly to improving the development of children with autism. Interventions may include behavioral therapy, speech and language therapy, and occupational therapy. While there are no medications that can cure autism, certain medications can help manage specific symptoms such as anxiety, depression, or hyperactivity.

Source: https://www.cdc.gov/autism/

Author: Prof. Dr. Dirk Devroey - Latest update: 2024-08-05 - Copyright: Clinifacts 2025