What is Gilbert's syndrome?

Gilbert's syndrome is a common, usually harmless liver disorder in which there is a mild increase in the level of bilirubin in the blood.

Gilbert’s syndrome is caused by a genetic mutation in the UGT1A1 gene. This gene codes for the enzyme uridine diphosphate glucuronosyltransferase (UGT), which is needed for the breakdown of bilirubin in the liver.

The main symptom of Gilbert’s syndrome is jaundice, which can cause the skin and whites of the eyes to turn yellow. This usually occurs during times of stress, illness, fasting, or physical exertion. Most people with Gilbert’s syndrome do not experience serious health problems and live normal lives without the need for treatment.

Because Gilbert’s syndrome usually does not cause serious symptoms, treatment is usually not necessary. Avoiding known triggers such as fasting, dehydration, and excessive physical exertion can help reduce symptoms. People with Gilbert’s syndrome have a normal life expectancy and the syndrome does not lead to serious liver disease or complications.

Source: https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/gilberts-syndrome/

Source: https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/gilberts-syndrome/symptoms-causes/syc-20372811

Author: Prof. Dr. Dirk Devroey - Latest update: 2024-08-02 - Copyright: Clinifacts 2025