What is cholera?

Cholera is an acute infectious disease of the intestines caused by the bacterium Vibrio Cholerae.

The bacteria is usually spread through contaminated water and food. The spread often occurs in areas with poor sanitation, inadequate water purification and lack of hygiene.

The symptoms can range from mild to severe. Severe symptoms include profuse, watery diarrhea (often described as "rice water stool"), vomiting, and muscle cramps. Rapid fluid loss can lead to dehydration and shock. Without treatment, severe dehydration can be fatal.

Cholera is diagnosed by identifying the bacteria in a stool sample.

The main treatment is fluid resuscitation, either orally (with oral rehydration salts) or intravenously in severe cases. Antibiotics may reduce the duration and severity of the disease, but are secondary to rehydration.

Cholera can be prevented by ensuring access to clean water and good sanitation. Hand washing with soap and safe food preparation practices are important. Vaccination is available and recommended for people traveling to areas where cholera occurs.

Author: Prof. Dr. Dirk Devroey - Latest update: 0000-00-00 - Copyright: Clinifacts 2025