Why are pilgrims to Mecca at risk of getting MERS?

People who go on the pilgrimage to Mecca (Hajj or Umrah) are at increased risk of contracting Middle East Respiratory Syndrome (MERS) due to several factors that combine to create an environment that promotes the spread of infectious diseases.

The Hajj and Umrah attract millions of people from all over the world to a relatively small area every year. This density of people makes it easier for infectious diseases to spread quickly. Pilgrims come from different countries with different health backgrounds and immunity levels, which increases the risk of the spread of new or rare infectious diseases.

During the rituals of Hajj and Umrah, there are many moments when people are close to each other, such as circling the Kaaba, walking between Safa and Marwah, and staying in tents in Mina. These close interactions increase the risk of transmission of infections via respiratory droplets. Pilgrims often stay in Mecca and surrounding areas for several days to weeks, which increases exposure time to potential pathogens. The physical exertion and stress of the journey can weaken pilgrims' immune systems, making them more susceptible to infections.

Pilgrims who return with health complaints must therefore be monitored by their GP. If the symptoms are limited, the doctor can wait and see how the disease develops. In case of pneumonia or other serious symptoms, hospitalization may be necessary.

Author: Prof. Dr. Dirk Devroey - Latest update: 2021-09-29 - Copyright: Clinifacts 2025