How does an allergic reaction to gel nails occur?

An allergic reaction to gel nails occurs when a person’s immune system overreacts to certain chemicals used in gel nail products. Here are the main factors and mechanisms that contribute to the development of these allergic reactions.

Acrylates are the main cause of allergies in gel nail products. Acrylates, such as methyl methacrylate (MMA) and ethyl methacrylate (EMA), are used in the composition of gel nails and can have a sensitizing effect. Photoinitiators are substances used to harden the gel under UV or LED light and can also trigger allergic reactions. Other chemicals added to gel nail products, such as dyes and preservatives, can also cause allergies.

When the gel or the products used to apply the gel nails come into contact with the skin around the nail, this can lead to an allergic reaction.

Then redness and swelling will occur around the nail and the skin around it. Itching and a burning sensation can be very uncomfortable and vary in intensity. In severe cases, small blisters or a red, flaky rash may develop as well as nail abnormalities such as thickening or discoloration of the nail, and in severe cases, the nail may become detached.

You can prevent this by choosing nail products that are free of common allergens, such as certain acrylates. Make sure that the gel is fully cured according to the manufacturer's recommendations to minimize the presence of unreacted monomers.

Source: https://www.aad.org/public/everyday-care/nail-care-secrets/basics/pedicures/manicure-pedicure-safety

Author: Prof. Dr. Dirk Devroey - Latest update: 2024-08-06 - Copyright: Clinifacts 2024