When do you have an iodine deficiency?

An iodine deficiency occurs when you do not get enough iodine in your diet. Iodine is an essential mineral needed for the production of thyroid hormones, which play a crucial role in regulating your metabolism, growth, and development.

One of the earliest and most visible symptoms of iodine deficiency is an enlarged thyroid gland, also known as a goiter. This occurs because the thyroid gland has to work harder to produce enough hormones. A lack of iodine can lead to hypothyroidism (an underactive thyroid), which is often accompanied by a slower metabolism and weight gain.

In areas where the soil is low in iodine, such as mountainous regions and areas far from the sea, a deficiency can occur in the diet. Foods rich in iodine include seafood, dairy, eggs, and iodized salt.

During pregnancy and breastfeeding, the need for iodine is increased, so a deficiency can occur more quickly if the diet does not contain enough iodine.

People who do not eat animal products, such as vegans or vegetarians, are at greater risk of iodine deficiency if they do not consume iodized salt or other sources of iodine.

Iodine deficiency can be diagnosed by blood tests or urine tests. Treatment usually consists of increasing iodine intake through food or supplements, such as iodine tablets or iodized salt.

Source: https://www.who.int/data/nutrition/nlis/info/iodine-deficiency

Author: Prof. Dr. Dirk Devroey - Latest update: 2024-09-14 - Copyright: Clinifacts 2025