What is adenomyosis?

Adenomyosis is a medical condition in which the lining of the uterus (endometrium) grows into the muscular wall of the uterus (myometrium). This can lead to an enlarged uterus and symptoms such as painful periods, heavy menstrual bleeding, and chronic pelvic pain.

The exact cause of adenomyosis is not fully understood, but possible factors include hormonal changes (estrogen, progesterone), damage to the uterine lining from surgery (such as caesarean section) or childbirth, or inflammation of the uterus.

Symptoms include excessive menstrual bleeding, painful periods (dysmenorrhea), and persistent lower abdominal pain, even outside the menstrual cycle. In some women, this can cause a heavy feeling in the abdomen.

Treatment depends on the severity of the symptoms and the patient's stage of life. Hormonal treatments, such as contraceptive pills or an IUD with levonorgestrel, can reduce symptoms. Painkillers are also helpful. Hormonal therapies such as GnRH agonists can inhibit the growth of the endometrium.

In severe cases, a hysterectomy (removal of the uterus) may be considered, especially if other treatments are not effective.

Although adenomyosis is a benign condition, it can have a major impact on a woman's quality of life. If you think you have symptoms of adenomyosis, it is important to see a doctor for proper diagnosis and treatment.

Author: Prof. Dr. Dirk Devroey - Latest update: 2024-12-12 - Copyright: Clinifacts 2026