What treatment works against altitude sickness?

Altitude sickness (also known as AMS: Acute Mountain Sickness) occurs when you ascend too quickly to high altitudes, usually above 2,500 meters. Your body then has difficulty adjusting to the lower oxygen levels.

Don't ascend more than 300–500 meters per day above 2,500 m. Take a rest day every 3 to 4 days. Drink plenty of water (but don't overdo it). Avoid alcohol and sleeping pills. Eat carbohydrate-rich meals. Avoid strenuous physical exertion during the first few days at altitude. Climbing higher during the day, but sleeping at a lower altitude, helps with acclimatization.

Medication for altitude sickness can also be used. Acetazolamide (Diamox) accelerates acclimatization but has side effects such as tingling fingers/toes, increased urine output, and a metallic taste.

Ibuprofen and paracetamol are effective against headaches or muscle pain caused by altitude sickness. Ibuprofen and other anti-inflammatory drugs are sometimes also used preventatively during acclimatization.

Dexamethasone is only used for more severe symptoms or as emergency treatment. It is not a replacement for acclimatization, but can suppress symptoms. For mild symptoms (headache, nausea, fatigue), rest, do not ascend further, and drink plenty of fluids. Consider Diamox. For severe symptoms (confusion, difficulty walking, shortness of breath at rest), descend immediately (at least 500–1,000 meters) and seek medical attention. Dexamethasone or oxygen may be necessary.

Source: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1477893925000742

Author: Prof. Dr. Dirk Devroey - Latest update: 2025-08-08 - Copyright: Clinifacts 2026